23 min read

Teen Driver Laws By States

Picture of Andrew Darlington Andrew Darlington : October 18, 2024 at 5:35 PM

Auto Insurance

Graduated Licensing (Teen Driver) Laws by State

State	Learner Stage			Intermediate Stage			Unrestricted Stage
State	Min. entry age	Mandatory holding period	Min. amount of supervised driving	Min. entry age	Nighttime restrictions	Passenger restrictions (family members excepted unless noted)	Nighttime restrictions may be lifted	Passenger restrictions may be lifted
AL	151	6 months1	50 hours (none with driver education)	16	midnight-6 a.m.	no more than one passenger	17 and licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)	17 and licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)
AK	14	6 months	40 hours, 10 of which must be at night or in inclement weather	16	1 a.m.-5 a.m.	no passengers younger than 21	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
AZ	15, 6 months2	6 months	30 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education)	16	midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement	no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 secondary enforcement	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
AR	143	6 months3	none	164	11 p.m.-4 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger younger than 21	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	until age 18 (min. age: 18)
CA	15, 6 months5	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	165	11 p.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement	no passengers younger than 20 (limited exception for immediate family) secondary enforcement	12 months after initial license (min. age: 17)	12 months after initial license (min. age: 17)
CO	156	12 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	16	midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement	first 6 months—no passengers; second 6 months—no more than one passenger secondary enforcement	12 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)	12 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)
CT	167	6 months7 (4 months with driver education)	40 hours7	16, 4 months7	11 p.m. - 5 a.m.	first 6 months—no passengers other than parents or a driving instructor; second 6 months—no passengers other than parents, driving instructor or members of the immediate family	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	12 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 4 mos.)
DE	168	6 months8	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night8	16, 6 months8	10 p.m.-6 a.m.8	no more than 1 passenger8	6 months or the issuance of a class D license (min. age: 17)	6 months or the issuance of a class D license (min. age: 17)
DC	169	6 months9	40 hours in learner’s stage; 10 hours at night in intermediate stage	16, 6 months10	September–June: 11 p.m.-6 a.m. Sun.–Thur., 12:01 a.m.-6 a.m. Sat.–Sun.; July–August: 12:01 a.m.-6 a.m.10	no passengers10	6 months or until age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)10	6 months or until age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)10
FL	1511	12 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	16	11 p.m.-6 a.m. for 16 year-olds; 1 a.m.-5 a.m. for 17 year-olds	none	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	none
GA	15	12 months	40 hours, 6 of which must be at night	1612	midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement	first 6 months—no passengers; second 6 months—no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers secondary enforcement	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	until age 18 (min. age: 18)
HI	15, 6 months	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	1613	11 p.m.-5 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 (household members excepted)	6 months and age 17 (min. age: 17)	6 months and age 17 (min. age: 17)
ID	14, 6 months14	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	1514	sunset to sunrise	licensees 16 and younger can have no more than 1 passenger younger than 17	until age 16 (min. age: 16)	6 months or age 17 (min. age: 15, 6 mos.)
IL	1515	9 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	1616	starts 10 p.m. Sun.-Thur., 11 p.m. Fri.-Sat., ends 6 a.m.	first 12 months—no more than 1 passenger younger than 20	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	12 months or until age 18 (min. age: 17)
IN	1517	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	16, 3 months17	first 6 months, 10 p.m.-5 a.m.; thereafter, 11 p.m.-5 a.m. Sun.–Fri.; 1 a.m.-5 a.m. Sat.–Sun.18	no passengers18	6 months and age 18 or until age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age 18)18	6 months or until age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 9 or 17, 3 mos. without driver education)18
IA	1419	12 months19	20 hours, 2 of which must be at night20	1619,20,21	12:30 a.m.-5 a.m.	parental discretion 22	12 months and age 17 or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)	none
KS	1423	12 months	25 hours, in learner phase; 25 hours before age 16; 10 of the 50 hours must be at night23	1623	9 p.m. - 5 a.m.	no more than one passenger younger than 18	6 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)	6 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
KY	1624	6 months24	60 hours, 10 of which must be at night24	16, 6 months25	midnight-6 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger younger than 20 unless supervised by a driving instructor secondary enforcement	6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)	6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)
LA	15	6 months	50 hours, 15 of which must be at night	16	11 p.m. - 5 a.m.	no more than one passenger younger than 21 between the hours of 6 pm-5 am; no passenger restriction from 5 am-6 pm	until age 17 (min. age: 17)	until age 17 (min. age: 17)
ME	1526	6 months26	70 hours, 10 of which must be at night	1626	midnight-5 a.m.26	no passengers26	9 months (min. age: 16, 9 mos.)26	9 months (min. age: 16, 9 mos.)26
MD	15, 9 months27	9 months28	60 hours, 10 of which must be at night29	16, 6 months	midnight-5 a.m.30	no passengers younger than 1830 secondary enforcement	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	5 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 11 mos.)
MA	1631	6 months31	40 hours32	16, 6 months33	12:30 a.m.-5 a.m. (between 12:30 a.m.-1 a.m. and 4 a.m.-5 a.m. the night driving and passenger restrictions are subject to secondary enforcement; enforcement is primary at all other times)	no passengers younger than 18 (between 12:30 am–1 am and 4 am–5 am the night driving and passenger restrictions are secondarily enforced; enforcement is primary at all other times)	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)
MI	14, 9 months34	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	1635	10 p.m.-5 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger younger than 21	6 months and age 17 or until age 18 (min. age 17)	6 months and age 17 or until age 18 (min. age 17)
MN	1536	6 months37	40 hours, 15 of which must be at night38	1639	midnight-5 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger younger than 20; second 6 months—no more than 3 passengers younger than 20	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)	12 months or at age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)
MS	15	12 months	none	16	10 p.m.-6 a.m. Sun.-Thur., 11:30 p.m.-6 a.m. Fri.-Sat.	none	6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)	none
MO	15	6 months	40 hours, 10 of which must be at night	16	1 a.m.-5 a.m.	first 6 months—no more than 1 passenger younger than 19; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers younger than 19	entire intermediate stage (min. age: 17, 11 mo.)	entire intermediate stage (min. age: 17, 11 mo.)
MT	14, 6 months40	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night41	1542	11 p.m.-5 a.m.	first 6 months—no more than 1 passenger younger than 18; second 6 months—no more than 3 passengers younger than 18	12 months or at age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16)	12 months or at age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16)
NE	1543	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education)	16	midnight-6 a.m. secondary enforcement	no more than 1 passenger younger than 19 secondary enforcement	12 months or at age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)	6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
NV	15, 6 months	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with defensive driving course)	1644	10 p.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement	no passengers younger than 18 secondary enforcement	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
NH	15, 6 months45	none	40 hours, 10 of which must be at night	16	1 a.m.-4 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger younger than 25	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
NJ	1646	6 months46	none	1746	11 p.m. - 5 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger (exception is limited to drivers' dependents)	12 months or until age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)	12 months or until age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)
NM	1547	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	15, 6 months48	midnight-5 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger younger than 21	12 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)	12 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
NY	16	6 months	50 hours, 15 of which must be at night	16, 6 months	9 p.m.-5 a.m. except for NYC (unsupervised driving prohibited at all times) and Long Island (limited daytime unsupervised driving)49	no more than 1 passenger younger than 2149	until age 17 with driver education; until age 18 without (min. age: 17)50	until age 17 with driver education; until age 18 without (min. age: 17)50
NC	1551,52	6 months52	60 hours, 10 of which must be at night, learner phase; 12 hours, 6 of which must be at night, intermediate phase	1653,54,55	9 p.m.-5 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; if a family member younger than 21 is already a passenger then no other passengers younger than 21 who are not family members	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
ND	14	<16: 12 months; 16: 6 months or until age 18, whichever comes first	<16: 50 hours; ≥ 16: none	16; 15 for a parent requested restricted license56	The holder of a restricted license may only drive a car belonging to a parent or guardian and may not drive between the later of sunset or 9 p.m. and 5 a.m.	none	until age 16 (min. age: 16)	none
OH	15, 6 months	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	1657	midnight-6 a.m. (first 12 months), 1 a.m.-5 a.m. (second 12 months) secondary enforcement	first 12 months—no more than 1 passenger	24 months (min. age: 18)	12 months (min. age: 17)
OK	15, 6 months58	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night59	16	10 p.m.-5 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger60	6 months with driver education, 12 months without or until age 18 (min age: 16, 6 mos.)	6 months with driver education, 12 months without or until age 18 (min age: 16, 6 mos.)
OR	15	6 months	50 hours61(100 hours without driver education)	1661	midnight-5 a.m.	first 6 months–no passengers younger than 20; second 6 months–no more than 3 passengers younger than 20	12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)	12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)
PA	16	6 months	65 hours, 10 of which must be at night and 5 of which must be in inclement weather	16, 6 months	11 p.m.-5 a.m.	first 6 months— no more than 1 passenger younger than 18; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers	12 months and age 17 if completed driver education or age 18 (min. age: 17)	12 months and age 17 if completed driver education or age 18 (min. age: 17)
RI	1662	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	16, 6 months63	1 a.m.-5 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger younger than 21	12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 6 mos.)	12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 6 mos.)
SC	15	6 months	40 hours, 10 of which must be at night	15, 6 months	6 p.m.-6 a.m. EST; 8 p.m.-6 a.m. EDT	no more than 2 passengers younger than 21 unless transporting students to and from school	12 months and age 17 if intermediate license has been held for at least 6 months (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)	12 months and age 17 if intermediate license has been held for at least 6 months (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
SD	1464	9 months (6 months with driver education)	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night and 10 of which must be during inclement weather	14, 9 months (14, 6 months with driver education)	10 p.m.-6 a.m.	first 6 months—no passengers; thereafter—no more than 1 passenger younger than 18	until age 16 (min. age: 16)	6 months or at age 16, whichever occurs first (min. age: 15, 6 mos.)
TN	1565	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night65	16	11 p.m.-6 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger	12 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)	12 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)
TX	1566	6 months	30 hours, 10 of which must be at night	1667	midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement	no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 secondary enforcement	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	until age 18 (min. age: 18)
UT	1568	6 months	40 hours, 10 of which must be at night68,69	1670	midnight-5 a.m.	no passengers secondary enforcement	until age 17 (min. age: 17)	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
VT	15	12 months	40 hours, 10 of which must be at night	1671	none	first 3 months—no passengers without exception; second 3 months—no passengers secondary enforcement	none	6 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)
VA	15, 6 months72	9 months72	45 hours, 15 of which must be at night	16, 3 months73	midnight-4 a.m. 72 secondary enforcement	first 12 months—no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers younger than 21 secondary enforcement	until age 18 (min. age: 18)	until age 18 (min. age: 18)
WA	1574	6 months	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	1675	1 a.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement	first 6 months—no passengers younger than 20; second 6 months—no more than 3 passengers younger than 20 secondary enforcement	12 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)	12 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)76
WV	1577	6 months77	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education)	16	10 p.m. - 5 a.m.	first 6 months—no passengers younger than 20; second 6 months–no more than 1 passenger younger than 20	12 months and age 17 or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)	12 months and age 17 or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)
WI	1578	6 months78	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night78	1679	midnight-5 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger	9 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 9 mos.)	9 months or until age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 9 mos.)
WY	15	10 days	50 hours, 10 of which must be at night	1680	11 p.m.-5 a.m.	no more than 1 passenger younger than 18	6 months or until age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)80	6 months or until age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)80

Footnotes

In Alabama, the supervising driver must be a parent, guardian, grandparent or driving instructor. At age 16, permit holders may drive with a licensed driver who is at least 21 years old.
In Arizona, a driver education instructor can authorize an enrolled student who is 15 to drive only while supervised by the authorizing instructor.
In Arkansas, 14 year-olds can drive with an instruction permit after passing a written test. After passing a road test they are eligible for a learner's license. Unsupervised driving is not permitted by holders of either the instruction permit or learner's license. The combined holding period for the permit and learner's license is six months. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn3ref1
In Arkansas, applicants for an intermediate license must be 16 and must be crash/violation-free for six months. Licensees younger than 18 are prohibited from transporting passengers who are unrestrained. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn4ref1
In California, students enrolled in driver education may drive while supervised by an instructor. License applicants who do not take driver education must wait until age 18 for a license. They are not required to go through an intermediate license stage. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn5ref1
In Colorado, the minimum permit age varies. Fifteen year-olds who are enrolled in driver education may apply for an instruction permit. Their supervising driver must be a parent, stepparent, grandparent, guardian, or driving instructor. At age 15, 6 months, driver education is no longer required, but applicants for this permit must have completed a four hour driver awareness program. At 16, young drivers may apply for a permit that allows driving while supervised by a licensed driver age 21 or older. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn6ref1
In Connecticut, either driver education or home training is required for license applicants younger than 18. Permit holders may not carry any passengers aside from the person providing instruction, parents or guardians. Time spent practice driving with a professional instructor counts toward the 40-hour certification requirement. Before an applicant who under 18 may take the driver’s test, parents or guardians must attend two hours of instruction regarding teen driving laws and related issues with such applicant. Anyone 18 years of age or older must hold an adult learner’s permit for three months before obtaining a driver's license. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn7ref1
In Delaware, a driver education student does not need a permit to drive with a driver education instructor. After completing the on-road requirements of driver education, a driver education student who is at least 15 years, 10 months may apply for a Driver Education Learner's Permit, which allows the student to drive while supervised by an experienced driver. Upon completion of driver education, and if the student passes both the road and written tests, the student receives a Level 1 permit that for the first six months allows driving only while supervised. There also is a passenger restriction during the first six months of the Level 1 permit. No more than one passenger (family members excepted) is permitted in addition to the supervising driver. The Level 1 permit for the second six months is the equivalent of an intermediate license. During that period, holders may drive unsupervised between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. and may only carry one passenger. Applicants for a driver's license who are younger than 18 must have held a Driver Education Learner's Permit and/or a Level 1 permit for at least 12 months. Driver education is required for all license applicants younger than 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn8ref1
In the District of Columbia, license applicants younger than 21 must go through the intermediate stage until they have completed it or until they turn 21. The learner's stage is mandatory for the intermediate stage. A nighttime restriction (9 p.m.-6 a.m.) applies in the learner stage. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn9ref1
In the District of Columbia, drivers younger than 18 who have completed the intermediate stage must continue to comply with the nighttime driving restriction until they turn 18. In addition, these drivers may not carry more than 2 passengers younger than 21. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn10ref1
In Florida, learners permit holders may not drive after sunset for the first three months and thereafter may not drive after 10 p.m. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn11ref1
In Georgia, license applicants younger than 18 must have completed driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn12ref1
In Hawaii, license applicants younger than 18 must have completed driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn13ref1
In Idaho, license applicants younger than 17 must have completed driver education. There are three classes of learner's permits — a training instruction permit for people 14, 6 months taking driver education; a supervised instruction permit for practice driving with a nonprofessional supervisor; and an instruction permit for people younger than 17 who have completed driver education and supervised driving or for people 17 and older without either driver education or supervised driving. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn14ref1
In Illinois, enrollment in driver education is required for permit applicants. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn15ref1
In Illinois, license applicants 18 through 20 years of age who did not take driver's education in school must complete a 6 hour adult driver education course. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn16ref1
In Indiana, driver education determines the minimum age for permits and the intermediate license. People enrolled in or who have completed driver education must be age 15 to have a permit; otherwise, they must be age 16. The minimum age for an intermediate license is 16, 3 months with driver education and 16, 9 months, without. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn17ref1
Holders of operator licenses issued to individuals younger than 21 must adhere to both the night and passenger restriction for six months or until age 21, whichever occurs first. In addition, holders of operator licenses issued to individuals younger than age 18 have a graduated night restriction that goes beyond the initial 6 months and lasts until age 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn18ref1
In Iowa, drivers education graduates who have held an instruction permit for at least 6 months and are at least 14 and 6 months may apply for a school license that permits unsupervised driving between 5 a.m. and 10 p.m. The school license limits drivers to direct routes to and from school for classes or school sponsored activities, other schools hosting activities, school bus stops and gas stations. Holders of a minor school license may not use electronic communication devices or electronic entertainment devices (permanently installed equipment exempted), carry more than one unrelated passenger, or drive to another school district without an extra-curricular sharing agreement. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn19ref1
Iowa requires a certification of 10 additional hours of supervised driving during the intermediate stage, two of which must be at night. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn20ref1
In Iowa, driver education is required for an intermediate license and for an unrestricted license if the applicant is younger than 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn21ref1
In Iowa, parents are permitted to waive at the time of licensure a discretionary six-month passenger limit of no more than one unrelated passenger younger than 18, effective Jan. 1, 2014. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn22ref1
In Kansas, drivers age 15 but not yet 16 may be granted a restricted license if they have completed driver training. Restricted license holders younger than 16 may not drive unless supervised other than to and from school or work via the most direct route and may not carry minor passengers other than siblings. To get a restricted license, applicants must have driven at least 25 of the 50 hours required for a full license and must have held an instruction permit for 12 months. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn23ref1
Kentucky law prohibits learner's permit holders from driving between midnight and 6 a.m. or from carrying more than one passenger younger than 20 unless supervised by a driving instructor. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn24ref1
In Kentucky, license holders younger than 18 must complete a driver education course or a state-sponsored traffic school. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn25ref1
In Maine, driver education is required for a permit and a license if the applicant is younger than 18. The learner's permit holding period and the certification of practice driving applies to license applicants younger than 21. The period of license restrictions may extend beyond the person's 18th birthday. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn26ref1
In Maryland, driver education is required regardless of applicant age. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn27ref1
In Maryland, license applicants who are 19 years old (or 18 with a high school diploma) but younger than 25 must hold a learner's permit for three months before taking the road test. All applicants 25 and older must hold the permit for 45 days. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn28ref1
In Maryland, 60 supervised driving hours are required for all applicants younger than 25. Applicants age 25 and older are requrired to drive for fourteen supervised hours. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn29ref1
In Maryland, the night and passenger restrictions only apply to intermediate license holders younger than 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn30ref1
In Massachusetts, the night driving restriction for permit holders younger than 18 is midnight to 5 a.m., unless they are accompanied by a licensed parent or guardian. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn31ref1
In Massachusetts, the requirement for supervised driving is 30 hours for applicants who have successfully completed a driver skills development program in a closed, off-road course licensed by the Registrar of Motor Vehicles. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn32ref1
In Massachusetts, driver education is required of license applicants younger than 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn33ref1
In Michigan, permit applicants younger than 18 must have completed the first segment of driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn34ref1
In Michigan, license applicants younger than 18 must have completed the second segment of driver education. Neither driver education nor an intermediate license is required for license applicants 18 and older. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn35ref1
In Minnesota, permit applicants younger than 18 must be enrolled in driver education. An optional 90-minute supplemental curriculum for parents is to be established by July 1, 2014, to provide information concerning graduated licensing, safety risks and the potential influence of adults on driving behavior. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn36ref1
In Minnesota, the permit holding period also applies to license applicants 18 and older unless they have completed driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn37ref1
In Minnesota, license applicants younger than 18 must provide proof that a parent has taken a course for parents of teen drivers or perform an additional 10 certified practice hours. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn38ref1
In Minnesota, license applicants younger than 18 must have completed driver education. Provisional license holders must be crash-free to qualify for a full license. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn39ref1
In Montana, enrollment in or completion of driver education is required for permit applicants younger than 15. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn40ref1
If a Montana license applicant completed an alternative online traffic education course approved by the department of justice and the hands-on driving component was taught by the parent or guardian, then the supervised driving requirement is 75 hours with 15 at night. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn41ref1
In Montana, license applicants younger than 16 must have completed driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn42ref1
In Nebraska, students who are at least 14 years and two months of age and who either live outside or attend school outside a metropolitan area may be issued a learner’s permit (called an “LPE permit”) and a limited license (called a “school permit”). The LPE permit authorizes supervised driving for the purpose of preparing for the school permit, which allows driving to and from school independently or anyplace else while supervised by a parent or guardian. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn43ref1
In Nevada, driver education is required of all license applicants younger than 18 unless there is no driver education program offered within a 30-mile radius of the applicant's residence. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn44ref1
New Hampshire does not issue learner's permits. At age 15, 6 months a person can drive while supervised by a licensed driver 25 or older. License applicants who are younger than 18 must take driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn45ref1
In New Jersey, the permit becomes an intermediate license after six months for drivers younger than 21 and after 3 months for drivers 21 and older. The graduated licensing law applies to adults, except that the night driving and passenger restrictions are waived for new drivers 21 and older. If the applicant has not completed driver education, the minimum permit age is 17 and the minimum intermediate license age is 17, 6 months. Learner's permit holders may not drive between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m. and may carry only one passenger in addition to the supervising driver or any parent, guardian or dependent. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn46ref1
In New Mexico, permit applicants younger than 18 must be enrolled in driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn47ref1
In New Mexico, license applicants younger than 18 must have completed driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn48ref1
In the five boroughs of New York City, Class DJ or MJ junior license holders are prohibited from driving under all circumstances, regardless of where the license was obtained; therefore, there are no applicable passenger restrictions in the city. Unsupervised New York City driving may begin as early as age 17, provided that a Class D license has been obtained and a State Education Department approved Driver and Traffic Safety Education Course has been completed. In other words, a 17 year old driver may transition from completely supervised city driving to a full unrestricted license. On Long Island, Class DJ or MJ junior license holders are limited to driving between the hours on 5 a.m. and 9 p.m. only if traveling to work, school or driver education, proof is required. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn49ref1
In New York, the minimum age for an unrestricted driver's license is 18 (17 if the applicant has completed driver education). New York has a passenger restriction that applies to permit holders and license holders younger than 18 (17 if the applicant has completed driver education). https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn50ref1
In North Carolina, driver education is required for permit applicants younger than 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn51ref1
In North Carolina, learner’s permit holders may not drive between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. for the first six months. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn52ref1
In North Carolina, driver education is required for license applicants younger than 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn53ref1
In North Carolina, a person who is at least 16 but younger than 18 must complete a minimum of 12 additional hours (six of which must be at night) of supervised driving to obtain a full provisional license. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn54ref1
In North Carolina, due to COVID -19 interruptions, the DMV shall waive the requirement that an applicant pass a road test in order to obtain a level 2 limited provisional license; however, the applicant must pass the road test to obtain the level 3 full provisional license. This is only effective until the date that the DMV resumes road tests for level 2 applicants. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn55ref1
In North Dakota, driver education is required for license applicants younger than 16. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn56ref1
In Ohio, driver education is required of license applicants younger than 18. Applicants who are 18 and older and who have failed the road test must complete an abbreviated driver training course. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn57ref1
In Oklahoma, 15 year-olds may drive, but only while supervised by an instructor. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn58ref1
In Oklahoma, learner's permit holders may only operate a motor vehicle between the hours of 5 a.m. and 10 p.m. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn59ref1
In Oklahoma, a person who has been issued an intermediate Class D license shall not operate a motor vehicle with more than one passenger unless all passengers live in the same household as the custodial legal parent or legal guardian or a licensed driver at least 21 years of age is actually occupying a seat beside the intermediate Class D licensee. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn60ref1
In Oregon, driver education is required of license applicants younger than 18. However, it is waived for applicants who certify an additional 50 hours of supervised driving. The night and passenger restrictions do not apply to the holder of a provisional driver license who is 18 or older. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn61ref1
In Rhode Island, driver education is required of permit applicants younger than 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn62ref1
In Rhode Island, driver education is required of license applicants younger than 18. Effective January 1, 2018, parents or guardians of applicants who are younger than 18 will be required to attend a course of instruction on the content of the driver education curriculum and the requirements of graduated licensing. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn63ref1
In South Dakota, learner's permit holders may not drive between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. unless under the supervision of a parent or guardian. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn64ref1
Learner’s permit holders in Tennessee may not drive from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn65ref1
In Texas, people who are 15 or older but under 18 must satisfactorily complete and pass the classroom phase of an approved driver education course to be issued a permit. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn66ref1
In Texas, the minimum license age is 18 for applicants who have not completed driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn67ref1
In Utah, permit holders younger than 18 may only drive under the supervision of a driving instructor, a parent or guardian, or a responsible adult who has accepted liability for the permit holder's driving by signing the permit application. Permit applicants younger than 19 must be enrolled in driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn68ref1
In Utah, supervised driving in the learner stage may include up to five hours in a driving simulator. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn69ref1
In Utah license applicants who are younger than 19 must have completed driver education. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn70ref1
In Vermont, driver education is required for license applicants younger than 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn71ref1
In Virginia, the night driving restriction and passenger restrictions apply to learner's permit holders. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn72ref1
In Virginia, driver education is required for license applicants younger than 18. Virginia has implemented a 90-minute segment for parents of driver education students. Participation shall be required in Planning District 8 (Northern Virginia) and shall be encouraged but not required outside of Planning District 8. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn73ref1
In Washington, permit applicants must be enrolled in driver education; otherwise, the minimum permit age is 15, 6 months. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn74ref1
In Washington, driver education is required for license applicants younger than 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn75ref1
In Washington, intermediate license holders with a crash or violation history are ineligible for an unrestricted license until age 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn76ref1
In West Virginia, learner’s permit holders younger than 18 may not drive between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. and may not carry more than two passengers in addition to the supervising driver. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn77ref1
In Wisconsin, enrollment in driver education is required for permit applicants younger than 18. During the learner’s stage, permit holders may carry three passengers if supervised by a driving instructor in a dual-control vehicle. Permit holders 16 and older may carry one passenger 25 or older who has been licensed at least two years. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn78ref1
In Wisconsin driver education is required for license applicants younger than 18. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn79ref1
In Wyoming, all applicants for an unrestricted license who are younger than 17 must have completed driver education and must have held an intermediate license for at least six months. https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table - fn80ref1

Source: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety

Legislation is continually changing. Therefore, this information is not intended to be exhaustive nor should any discussion or opinions be construed as legal advice. Readers should contact appropriate legal counsel for advice. Design © 2020-2022 Zywave, Inc. All rights reserved.